AnalChem SPE

SPE is also known as digital chromatography where digital depicts add-on and take off, i.e., addition of samples and extraction of the analytes. SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) is a sample preparation technique often used prior to chromatographic analysis of a sample. This technique aids in extraction of compounds that are dissolved or suspended in a liquid medium. These compounds or analytes are separated according to their physical and chemical properties.

SPE is used to isolate compounds (analytes) of interest from a wide variety of complex media including blood, urine, water, beverages, soil, tissues, etc. Therefore, it can be used in industries, pharmaceutical labs, CRO labs, pollution control, fisheries, etc.

You can achieve accelerated results, face less wastage and also decrease pollution levels. SPE also facilitates the quick extraction, clearing out and concentration of the concerned analyte prior to quantifying the analyte before analysis.

SPE offers a faster, high quality, and more cost-effective sample preparation technology which increases laboratory productivity and decreases laboratory costs as compared to traditional liquid/liquid extraction technique. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) provides: no emulsion formation, elimination of extra glassware, more sample processing per day, option for automation, more reproducible results, less time consumption and choice of solvents.

Solid Phase Extraction Technology utilizes the principle of selective retention of analytes that characterizes the powerful separation technique of HPLC. It is a physical extraction process that involves a liquid phase and a solid phase. The solid phase (chemically modified silica surface/sorbent/polymenric surface) has a greater attraction for the isolate (analyte) than the solvent in which the isolate is dissolved. By choosing a proper solid support, packed in a polypropylene tube with an open barrel configuration, very selective extraction of high purity isolate can be achieved.

There are four steps involved in SPE process:

Step1- Conditioning: The solid support is packed dry in a tube therefore, there are no active sites of support available to interact with the analytes. Conditioning is done prior to sample application to open the active sites of support. This process ensures reproducible retention of the analytes.

Step2- Application (Retention): The analyte/isolate, which is dispersed in a matrix containing other impurities and undesired constituents is applied into the column at a slow flow rate. A slow rate of sample application ensures maximum retention of the analyte.

Step3- Rinse: The column is rinsed with a specific solvent or combination of solvents to remove matrix impurities.

Step4- Elution: Selective elution/extraction of the pure analytes is achieved by using specific solvents. Some of the undesired matrix constituents are left behind on the support.

The most common sorbent extraction interactions can be grouped into one of the four classes: non-polar, polar, ion exchange and covalent. In SPE technology, the sample is considered being made up of two main components: the ISOLATE, which is the compound or group of compounds that is to be purified and analyzed, and the MATRIX, which is everything else present in the sample and which must be separated from the isolate.

During Solid Phase Extraction, there are three types of interactions to be considered:
1. Isolate-Sorbent Interactions (interactions resulting in retention of the isolate on the sorbent),
2. Matrix-Sorbent Interactions (these interactions are competitive, causing isolate elution),
3. Isolate-Matrix Interactions (these interactions interfere with isolate retention by making the isolate unavailable to the sorbent.)

According to these interactions, the sorbents that are suitable for non-polar, polar, ion exchange mechanisms are listed on the website in the Selection Chart. This chart also provides the elution solvents for each interaction mechanism.

Plexus is a polar- non polar balanced polymeric surface which, in general, works for polar, non- polar and ionic compounds.

*Detection of pharmaceutical compounds and metabolites in biological fluids.
*Detection of drugs of abuse in biological fluids.
*Detection of environmental pollutants in drinking water and waste water.
*Detection of pesticides, antibiotics or toxins in food, beverages and agricultural media.
*Isolate water and fat-soluble vitamins
*Fractionation of lipids

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